Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) is a new type ofnew functional polymer material. lt has ahydrophilic group, can absorb a large amount ofwater and swell into hydrogel. it is a syntheticresin that can not only absorb water but alsohold water from releasing (under certainpressure).SAP can generally absorb waterequivalent to hundreds or even thousands timesof their volume. lt is widely used in industry,medical care, agriculture and other fields.S0CO®Polymer is composed mainly of sodiumpolyacrylate.
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Working Principle
The absorption capacity of super absorbent polymers is determined by osmoticpressure, the polymer's affinity, and the polymer's rubber elasticity.The osmotic pressure has the most impact on the absorption capacity.
Osmotic Pressure
Super absorbent polymer (sodium polyacrylate) has ahigh content of -COO- and Na+ ions. The differencebetween the ion concentration inside the polymer andthat of the surrounding water solution determines theintensity of osmotic pressure. The lower the ionconcentration of the surrounding water solution, thegreater the resultant difference in ion concentration, andaccordingly the osmotic pressure goes up. This osmoticpressure enables the polymer to absorb a large quantityof water.
Affinity
The affinity of the polymer with its surrounding solution also affects theabsorption capacity of the product. The hydrophilic groups “-C00H" andCOONa" in it have a high affinity for water, allowing a water solution to beabsorbed. The affinity, however, is less significant than osmotic pressure indetermining the polymer's absorption capacity.
Rubber elasticity(Crosslinking density)
To control the water absorption to an intended level, the polymer must be provided with specific rubber elasticity. The rubber elasticity of the product increases as the crosslinking density of that polymer increases. The absorption capacity of the polymer reaches its maximum when its rubber elasticity and its water absorbing power generated from osmotic pressure and affinity of the polymer are balanced.
